The point is that I was trying to get further clarification as some of you have suggested. Well, maybe this is the place to go when I am confused uncertain or just plain feeling some ambiguity in my state of mind. Thanks for deciphering such technicalitites. This really helped. I came here to get an answer to this question.
I think Bryan Agee's is a fairly compelling one. It's as much a legal question as it is an English question. The answer is complicated by the multiple definitions of the question -. Regarding the first, which is the one I came here thinking about, I feel like it's helpful to try and translate the sentence into pseudocode, and armchair evaluate it.
It seems to me that conceptually, if "until Thursday " is evaluated every second, it is going to evaluate one way up through the last second of Wednesday, and then will evaluate the opposite way. But, pseudocode and English are not the same thing, so I'm not entirely convinced this means that the answer to 3 is is "your last possible moment to comply would be Aug 17th, Regarding the second, to me, "within 2 days" means within 48 hours, so in this context, by on August 18, Regarding the third, I see it as like the first; the value of "until August 18, " changes a second after Aug 17th, As for the legal definition, I found a discussion of some cases in the legal media here but it's a confusing discussion!
Bottom line: in the subject case, the Illinois court judge ruled that 'until' means up to and including. He ruled this way despite a case that the losing side claimed had set precedent the other way. This is the opposite of the conclusion I reached via pseudocode. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top.
Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Does "until [date]" mean "before that date"? Ask Question. Asked 10 years, 3 months ago. Active 7 years, 5 months ago. Viewed k times. What does until mean in the following? Improve this question. Chankey Pathak Chankey Pathak 7 7 gold badges 14 14 silver badges 24 24 bronze badges. This is not good English. Either it was written by somebody for whom English is not a native language, in which case I wouldn't necessarily conclude anything about his interpretation from the text, or it was written in a hurry by someone who meant to put you have until 18 August in parentheses, in which you should deliver it by on 18 August.
However, I would guess, from the order time and the two day period, that you need to deliver it by on 18 August. August 18, is not bad English. It's the proper way to format a date in US English. Add a comment. Technically, would is the past tense of will, but it is an auxiliary verb that has many uses, some of which even express the present tense.
Will and would are verbs, and each can be used many different ways. Will can be a present tense verb that means to cause something to happen through force of desire. Would is a past tense form of will.
It is also a conditional verb that indicates an action that would happen under certain conditions. Because it is a past tense, it is used: to talk about the past. The main difference between will and would is that would can be used in the past tense but will cannot. Also, would is commonly used to refer to a future event that may occur under specific conditions, while will is used more generally to refer to future events. Will describes an action that is expected to take place in the future.
It expresses certainty. Would describes something that was in the future at the time of the original action, but is no longer in the future now. So we use be able to when we want to use other tenses or the infinitive. For instance: I would propose her if I got a chance, but I know she will definitely reject. If absolutely necessary I will go to china, but I would prefer somebody from Head Office to manage it.
The desire is happening now, so we use the present tense of the verb, even though it refers to an activity that may take place in the future. I will make love to her tonight. To ask questions. Could, would, and should are all used to talk about possible events or situations, but each one tells us something different.
Could is used to say that an action or event is possible. Would is used to talk about a possible or imagined situation, and is often used when that possible situation is not going to happen.
Could is used for past and future instances, or sometimes in the present tense although in the present tense it is normally describing a possibility or is part of a question. For example, She spoke so fast that I could not hear her, or, he could do it if he chooses to. Search only containers. Search titles only. Search Advanced search…. Members Current visitors. Interface Language. Log in. Install the app. Forums English Only English Only.
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